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1.
Neotrop. entomol ; 39(6): 898-905, nov.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-572468

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of forest fragmentation on ant richness in a landscape of Atlantic Forest in Northeast Brazil. More specifically, the ant richness was related to the attributes of fragments (area and distance from the fragment central point to the edge), landscape (forest cover surrounding the fragments), and tree community (plant density, richness, and percentage of shade tolerant species). The surveys were carried out in 19 fragments located in Alagoas State from October 2007 to March 2008. Samples were collected through a 300 m transect established in the center of each fragment, where 30 1-m² leaf litter samples were collected at 10 m intervals. A total of 146 ant species was collected, which belonged to 42 genera, 24 tribes and nine subfamilies. The attributes of fragments and landscape did not influence ant richness. On the other hand, tree density explained ca. 23 percent of ant richness. In relation to functional groups, both density and richness of trees explained the richness of general myrmicines (the whole model explained ca. 42 percent of the variation in this group) and percentage of shade tolerant trees explained the richness of specialist predator ants (30 percent for the whole model). These results indicate that ant fauna is more influenced by vegetation integrity than by fragment size, distance to edge or forest cover surrounding fragments.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Trees , Ants , Brazil , Population Dynamics
2.
Neotrop. entomol ; 35(6): 724-730, Nov.-Dec. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-442238

ABSTRACT

A riqueza de formigas de capões do Pantanal brasileiro foi amostrada e relacionada com a complexidade estrutural das áreas. As formigas foram coletadas com armadilhas de solo do tipo pitfall em 28 capões na Fazenda Rio Negro, Município de Aquidauana, MS. A complexidade estrutural dos capões foi avaliada através de estimativa da densidade da vegetação e da espessura da serapilheira próximo às armadilhas. Setenta e uma espécies foram encontradas, pertencentes a 26 gêneros e sete subfamílias, das quais Ectatomma edentatum Roger (Formicidae: Ectatomminae) e uma espécie de Pheidole foram as mais freqüentes. Somente foi encontrada relação positiva entre a riqueza da comunidade de formigas e a densidade da vegetação herbácea, corroborando a idéia de que a heterogeneidade do ambiente é um fator determinante para a coexistência e diminuição de competição entre espécies.


Species richness of epigeic ants was surveyed in forest islands named capões of Brazilian Pantanal and related with their structural complexity. The ants were collected using pitfall traps in 28 capões from Rio Negro Farm, in Aquidauana municipality, Mato-Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The structural complexity of capões was evaluated by measuring vegetation density and litter quantity near the pit-fall traps. Seventy-one species, distributed in 26 genera and seven sub-families were found. Ectatomma edentatum Roger (Formicidae: Ectatomminae) and one species of Pheidole were the most frequent species. Species richness was positively correlated only with herbaceous vegetation density of capões, supporting the idea that the increase in environmental heterogeneity diminishes species competition, allowing species co-occurrence.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ants/classification , Brazil
3.
Neotrop. entomol ; 34(5): 701-711, Sept. -Oct. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419807

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo foram selecionados três habitats que correspondem a um gradiente de proporção de plantas pioneiras bordas, trilhas no interior de floresta e áreas nucleares de floresta e descreveu-se a assembléia de insetos herbívoros neles presente. Foram testadas cinco hipóteses sobre a composição da assembléia: (1) as ordens de insetos herbívoros apresentam diferentes distribuições de abundância e de riqueza entre os habitats, (2) a similaridade de espécies é menor entre habitats do que dentro dos habitats, (3) a abundância é maior em borda, seguida de trilha e interior, (4) a riqueza é maior no interior, seguido de trilha e borda e (5) existe diferença na abundância e riqueza de insetos herbívoros entre as estações. Os insetos foram amostrados durante novembro de 2000 e maio de 2001 através da inspeção das plantas ao longo de 10 transectos de 1000 m3 por habitat, cinco em cada estação. Foram amostrados 1.424 indivíduos de 367 espécies de seis ordens. Orthoptera e Coleoptera foram os herbívoros mais abundantes em borda e interior da floresta, respectivamente. Coleoptera apresentou a maior riqueza em borda de floresta enquanto Lepidoptera no interior. A fauna amostrada foi mais similar dentro de um mesmo habitat que entre os habitats. A abundância, riqueza e diversidade foram maiores na borda que em trilha e interior em ambas estações. Sugere-se que a baixa riqueza no interior da floresta se deva à perda de herbívoros especializados em plantas de floresta madura, as quais estariam também localmente extintas na área estudada.


In this study we selected three habitats that correspond to a light gradient, andconsequently a proportion of pioneer plant species gradient – edges, trails and forest core – and described their herbivorous insect assemblage. We tested five hypothesis about the herbivorous assemblage: (1) there is a different distribution of abundance and richness of order between habitats, (2) species similarity between habitats is smaller than within habitat, (3) in forest edge the herbivores are more abundant than in trails and interior of the forest, (4) in nuclear areas herbivore richness and diversity are higher than in the trails and edge, and (5) the abundance and richness of herbivores are different between seasons. Herbivorous were sampled during November 2000 - May 2001 by scanning the plants in ten 1,000-m3 transects per habitat, five per season. We sampled 1,424 adult individuals from 367 species of six orders. Orthoptera and Coleoptera were the most abundant herbivores in the edge and interior, respectively. Coleoptera showed the highest species diversity in the forest edge, while Lepidoptera was in the interior. The similarity of the fauna between habitats was smaller than within habitats. The values of abundance, richness and diversity in the edge were higher than those of trails and interior for both seasons. We suggest that the low richness of herbivores in the interior of the forest is due to a reduction of specialist groups associated to plant species characteristic of mature forest, which are locally extinct in the study area.


Subject(s)
Demography , Ecosystem , Insecta , Plants , Population , Population Density , Residence Characteristics , Trees
4.
Neotrop. entomol ; 34(4): 695-698, July-Aug. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-451390

ABSTRACT

Atta cephalotes (L.) presents a wide distribution in the Neotropical region. In Brazil, this species is disjunctly distributed in the Amazon region and in the states of Maranhão, Pernambuco and southern Bahia, all of which belong to Northeast Region. Here we report on a survey of Atta colonies in 42 remnants of the Atlantic rainforest in Alagoas and Pernambuco. Our results include new records of A. cephalotes in the state of Alagoas and thereby extend the known distribution area of its southern populations in Northeast Brazil. In addition, the species was strongly associated with well-conserved forest remnants, indicating that it is highly sensitive to disturbance. We suggest that, in the fragmented scenario of the northeastern Atlantic forest, A. cephalotes may be replaced by A. sexdens, which was present throughout all survey sites.


Atta cephalotes (L.) apresenta ampla distribuição na região Neotropical. No Brasil, foi registrada na região Amazônica e nos estados do Maranhão, Pernambuco e sul da Bahia, todos pertencentes à Região Nordeste. Neste trabalho é apresentado o registro de A. cephalotes em 42 remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica nordestina em Alagoas e Pernambuco. Os resultados incluem novos registros de A. cephalotes em Alagoas, ampliando a distribuição da espécie no Nordeste. Além disso, mostram que a espécie é fortemente associada a remanescentes de floresta bem conservados, indicando alta sensitividade a perturbações. É sugerido que, no cenário fragmentado da Floresta Atlântica nordestina, A. cephalotes pode estar sendo substituída por A. sexdens que esteve presente em todas as áreas amostradas.


Subject(s)
Classification , Demography , Insecta
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